<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>AK&#256L USTATI (In Praise of the Timeless Being)</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
.BODY { background:#EAF1F7 url('../images/gtbh.jpg') no-repeat fixed center; color: #0066CC}਍⸀䌀㄀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 樀甀猀琀椀昀礀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀　　㘀㘀䌀䌀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ
.BIB{text-align: center;color: #000099;FONT-size: SMALL;FONT-family: Tahoma;}਍⸀䌀伀一吀笀琀攀砀琀ⴀ愀氀椀最渀㨀 爀椀最栀琀㬀挀漀氀漀爀㨀 ⌀䘀䘀　　　　㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ猀椀稀攀㨀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀㬀䘀伀一吀ⴀ昀愀洀椀氀礀㨀 吀愀栀漀洀愀㬀紀ഀഀ
</style><META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD>਍㰀䈀伀䐀夀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀伀䐀夀∀ 漀渀挀漀渀琀攀砀琀洀攀渀甀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀搀爀愀最猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀猀攀氀攀挀琀猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀㸀ഀഀ
<FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma">਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀⌀㘀㔀㈀㜀㤀㰀椀㸀䄀䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㘀䰀 唀匀吀䄀吀䤀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀䤀渀 倀爀愀椀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 吀椀洀攀氀攀猀猀 䈀攀椀渀最⤀ 椀猀 愀 瀀漀攀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 戀礀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀漀戀椀渀搀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 椀渀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀䐀愀猀愀洀 䜀爀愀渀琀栀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 洀愀樀漀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 吀攀渀琀栀 䴀愀猀琀攀爀✀猀 䈀漀漀欀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀 琀椀琀氀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀椀琀氀攀 戀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀琀 椀猀 欀渀漀眀渀 椀猀 洀愀搀攀 甀瀀 漀昀 椀琀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 眀漀爀搀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀吀栀攀 吀椀洀攀氀攀猀猀 伀渀攀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀琀猀 氀愀猀琀 眀漀爀搀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀唀猀琀愀琀椀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀瀀爀愀椀猀攀⤀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 椀猀 琀栀攀 渀漀琀攀㨀 㰀椀㸀甀琀愀爀 欀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀攀 搀愀猀欀栀愀琀 欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 倀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀琀猀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 ㄀　 㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀愀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 吀攀渀琀栀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀✀猀 漀眀渀 栀愀渀搀眀爀椀琀椀渀最⤀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 昀漀甀爀 氀椀渀攀猀 挀漀洀攀猀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 渀漀琀攀㨀 㰀椀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀最愀椀 氀椀欀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 欀攀 搀愀猀欀栀愀琀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀栀攀渀挀攀昀漀爀琀栀 椀猀 琀栀攀 猀挀爀椀戀攀✀猀 眀爀椀琀椀渀最⤀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀栀漀眀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 漀爀椀最椀渀愀氀 琀攀砀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 昀漀甀爀 氀椀渀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀✀猀 漀眀渀 栀愀渀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 㰀椀㸀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀㰀⼀椀㸀 挀漀洀瀀爀椀猀攀猀 ㈀㜀㄀ 瘀攀爀猀攀猀 攀砀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 昀漀甀爀 氀椀渀攀猀⸀ 吀眀攀氀瘀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 洀攀琀爀椀挀愀氀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 甀猀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀 漀昀 㰀椀㸀䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀 唀猀琀愀琀椀㰀⼀椀㸀 椀猀 䈀爀愀樀 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀㤀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 椀渀 䜀甀爀洀甀欀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀愀琀攀猀 最椀瘀攀渀 昀漀爀 椀琀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 愀爀攀㄀㘀㠀㐀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀渀椀渀最 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 ㄀㘀㤀㄀ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀搀攀爀⸀ 䤀琀猀 昀椀渀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀椀氀愀琀椀漀渀 挀愀洀攀 洀甀挀栀 氀愀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀戀漀甀琀 ㄀㜀㌀㔀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 䈀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 䴀愀渀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 挀漀瀀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀䐀愀猀愀洀 䜀爀愀渀琀栀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The main theme of the poem is praise of the Timeless Eternal Being. In the opening invocation, God is addressed as Timeless Being, All-steel, "the personification and source of chivalry. " He also is the Transcendent "Being, distinct from all the world" (verse 9). Ten <i>sava&#299yy&#257s</i> follow. These four-line verses warn that religious books and rites, rigorous asceticism or worldly pomp and power are useless without the love and favour of God (verses 21-30). The great God Hari is described at length in transcendent terms as the Omnipotent Creator and Sustainer of the universe. Austere ascetic feats, ceremonies, pilgrimages are performed by devotees everywhere, but the conclusion is:</p>਍㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䬀渀漀眀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀 猀甀挀栀 琀栀椀渀最猀 愀爀攀 瘀愀椀渀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;And that all such devotion is fruitless,</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀圀椀琀栀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 伀渀攀 一愀洀攀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deem all religious ceremonies as superstition. </p>਍ऀ㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⠀瘀攀爀猀攀猀 ㌀㄀ⴀ㔀　⤀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</blockquote></p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀渀 䜀漀搀✀猀 漀洀渀椀瀀爀攀猀攀渀挀攀 椀猀 猀甀渀最Ⰰ ∀ 吀栀漀甀 愀爀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀琀栀Ⰰ 吀栀漀甀 愀爀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 昀椀爀洀愀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ ∀ 攀渀搀椀渀最 椀渀 愀 戀甀爀猀琀 漀昀 搀攀瘀漀琀椀漀渀愀氀 昀攀爀瘀漀甀爀 眀栀攀渀 㰀椀㸀∀吀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀℀ 吀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀℀ 㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀吀栀漀甀 愀氀漀渀攀 愀爀琀⤀∀ 椀猀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀攀搀 ㄀㘀 琀椀洀攀猀 ⠀瘀攀爀猀攀猀 㘀㤀ⴀ㜀　⤀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀猀琀 漀昀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 氀漀渀最 瀀漀爀琀爀愀礀愀氀 漀昀 琀爀甀攀 愀渀搀 昀愀氀猀攀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䜀漀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 甀渀椀琀礀 漀昀 洀愀渀欀椀渀搀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 䌀爀攀愀琀漀爀 椀猀 琀栀甀猀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀稀攀搀 㨀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<blockquote class="C1"><p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is in the temple as He is in the mosque;</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䠀攀 椀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䠀椀渀搀甀 眀漀爀猀栀椀瀀 愀猀 䠀攀 椀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀甀猀氀椀洀 瀀爀愀礀攀爀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Men are one though they appear different. . .</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 䠀椀渀搀甀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䴀甀猀氀椀洀猀 愀爀攀 愀氀氀 漀渀攀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have each the habits of different environments,</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䈀甀琀 愀氀氀 洀攀渀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 攀礀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 戀漀搀礀⸀ ⸀ ⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus the Abhekh of the Hindus and the Allah of the Muslims are one,</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 儀甀爀愀✀渀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 倀甀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀愀猀 瀀爀愀椀猀攀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 䰀漀爀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They are all of one form,</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 伀渀攀 䰀漀爀搀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀攀洀 愀氀氀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
	<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (verse 86)</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;About a third of the poem is a satire on false methods of worship; but it is satire with the kindly purpose of showing that true praise is an inner state consisting of heartfelt devotion to the One Supreme Creator. Satire, then, is the means to carry out the divinely given mission. Then God is again described mostly in negative terms (verses 91-200) and is to be found, not by austerities, but by worship of Him as the Treasury of Grace (verse 59), for God is Love, Holiness, Virtue, and Omnipotence (verse 172). A series of questions and riddles much in the nature of a religious catechism follow (verses 201-10).</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 昀椀渀愀氀 猀攀挀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 愀 瘀攀爀椀琀愀戀氀攀 瀀愀攀愀渀 漀昀 瀀爀愀椀猀攀⸀ 倀攀漀瀀氀攀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搀 漀瘀攀爀 愀爀攀 椀渀挀氀甀搀攀搀Ⰰ 愀猀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀洀漀渀最 琀栀攀 猀攀攀欀攀爀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 䜀漀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 漀昀 䄀爀愀戀椀愀 愀渀搀 漀昀 䘀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 儀愀渀搀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 儀甀爀攀猀栀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 圀攀猀琀攀爀渀攀爀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䴀愀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㠀㤀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䈀椀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 伀☀⌀㜀㜀㜀㄀椀礀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䈀攀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 䐀攀氀栀椀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀欀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀Ⰰ 䴀愀渀挀栀甀爀椀愀渀猀Ⰰ 吀椀戀攀琀愀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀攀爀渀攀爀猀 漀昀 䬀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀洀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀瀀 愀渀搀 䬀甀洀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀 ⴀ 愀氀氀 琀栀攀猀攀 眀攀爀攀 戀氀攀猀猀攀搀 愀猀 琀栀攀礀 猀愀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀愀椀猀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 伀渀攀 䰀漀爀搀 ⠀瘀攀爀猀攀猀 ㈀㔀㐀ⴀ㜀㄀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Oriental imagery His praise is likened to milk, buttermilk, moonlight on the Yamun&#257, crystal mirrors, swans, cranes, the Ganges, until finally:</p>਍㰀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䠀椀猀 猀瀀氀攀渀搀漀甀爀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀攀琀栀 攀瘀攀爀礀眀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is the treasury of favour,</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䠀椀猀 氀椀最栀琀 搀愀稀稀氀攀琀栀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀 最氀漀爀礀 椀猀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The sky and the earth repeat His Name.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 ⠀瘀攀爀猀攀 ㈀㜀㄀⤀  㰀⼀戀氀漀挀欀焀甀漀琀攀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Gur&#363 commences his great work on praise with an invocation to the All-Steel, i. e. God. He ends with the hope of human brotherhood as men throughout the world seek the One God and sing His praises.</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀栀攀 㰀椀㸀唀猀琀愀琀椀㰀⼀椀㸀 漀瘀攀爀昀氀漀眀猀 眀椀琀栀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 漀昀琀ⴀ焀甀漀琀攀搀 瘀攀爀猀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀愀渀稀愀猀 漀昀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀漀戀椀渀搀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀⸀ 䤀琀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀猀 愀 洀椀砀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 搀攀瘀漀琀椀漀渀愀氀 氀礀爀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 瀀栀椀氀漀猀漀瀀栀椀挀愀氀 爀攀昀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀攀搀 椀渀 愀 猀琀礀氀攀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 愀 戀氀攀渀搀 漀昀 最爀愀渀搀攀甀爀 愀渀搀 戀攀愀甀琀礀⸀ 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 猀琀礀氀攀 漀昀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 䜀漀戀椀渀搀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀 愀爀攀 甀渀椀焀甀攀 㨀 渀漀 爀攀猀攀洀戀氀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 椀猀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 䠀椀渀搀椀 漀爀 倀甀渀樀愀戀椀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 洀愀椀渀 猀漀甀爀挀攀 漀昀 栀椀猀 瘀漀挀愀戀甀氀愀爀礀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 琀攀砀琀Ⰰ 椀猀 匀愀渀猀欀爀椀琀Ⰰ  琀栀漀甀最栀 椀渀 猀漀洀攀 漀昀 栀椀猀 漀琀栀攀爀 挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀 琀栀攀 䜀甀爀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀ 栀愀猀 洀愀搀攀 昀爀攀攀 甀猀攀 漀昀 倀攀爀猀漀ⴀ䄀爀愀戀椀挀 眀漀爀搀猀⸀ 䠀攀 甀猀攀猀 匀愀渀猀欀爀椀琀 眀漀爀搀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 㰀椀㸀琀愀搀戀栀愀瘀㰀⼀椀㸀 昀漀爀洀 愀渀搀 栀愀猀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀洀攀渀琀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 渀攀眀 眀漀爀搀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀漀甀渀搀猀⸀ 㰀椀㸀䄀欀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀 唀猀琀愀琀椀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 氀椀欀攀 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀䨀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀瀀甀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 椀猀 愀 琀爀攀愀猀甀爀礀 漀昀 愀搀樀攀挀琀椀瘀愀氀 瘀漀挀愀戀甀氀愀爀礀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Many of these adjectives are of fresh coinage. A rich variety of poetic metres has been used. Some of the metres like <i>kabitt</i>, <i>sava&#299yy&#257s</i> and <i>d&#299rgh nar&#257j</i> are characterized by lengthy verse-forms, while some others like <i>tomar</i> and p&#257dha&#7771&#299 by short ones consisting of no more than two or three words.</p>਍㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="BIB">਍䈀䤀䈀䰀䤀伀䜀刀䄀倀䠀夀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀漀氀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 䰀漀攀栀氀椀渀Ⰰ 䌀⸀ 䠀⸀ Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀吀栀攀 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 漀昀 䜀甀爀甀 䜀漀戀椀渀搀 匀椀渀最栀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 䬀栀愀氀猀愀 䈀爀漀琀栀攀爀栀漀漀搀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 䰀甀挀欀渀漀眀Ⰰ            ㄀㤀㜀㄀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Ashta, Dharam Pal, <i>The Poetry of the Dasam Granth</i>. Delhi, 1959<BR>਍㰀氀椀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀 倀愀搀愀洀Ⰰ 倀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀Ⰰ 㰀椀㸀䐀愀猀愀洀 䜀爀愀渀琀栀 䐀愀爀猀栀愀渀㰀⼀椀㸀⸀ 倀愀琀椀愀氀愀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀㠀⸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
<li class="C1"> Jagg&#299, Rattan Si&#7749gh, <i>Dasam Granth Parichaya</i>. Delhi, 1990<BR>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䌀⸀ 䠀⸀ 䰀漀攀栀氀椀渀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
</HTML></BODY>਍�